What does it mean to be poor in America? What does being poor mean to a child?
We know that being poor means being at statistical risk. Poor children live in the kinds of socially toxic environments that generate multiple threats to development -- academic failure, child maltreatment, learning disabilities, and others. That is one clear meaning of being poor in America. Interestingly, this social toxicity parallels physical toxicity; low-income populations are more likely to be exposed to chemical and radioactive waste and polluted air and water. Being poor means that the odds are stacked against you. Poverty has that meaning in a statistical sense.
But what does poverty mean to a child? Being poor is about being left out of what your society tells people they could expect if they were included. Being poor means being different, not meeting the basic standards set by your society, not being "regular." It is not so much a matter of what you have, as what you do not have. And, it is the messages that difference sends. There is by now overwhelming evidence of a strong relationship between poverty and child abuse and neglect. The great majority of families, to whom child abuse and neglect have been attributed, live in poverty or near-poverty circumstances.
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